Removal proceedings, explained
From the Notice to Appear to the Decision, and What Can Stop It
New York City's two immigration courts, 26 Federal Plaza (Broadway) and 201 Varick Street, carry an estimated 195,000 pending cases between them, with master calendar hearings often set years out. Buffalo, Batavia (detained docket), and the video courts serve the rest of the state.
The Notice to Appear
The charging document that starts removal proceedings. It lists the allegations and the charge; every line is checked against the record, and defective notices are grounds to terminate.
The master calendar hearing
A short first hearing where the judge confirms the charges, sets deadlines, and schedules the next date. Never miss it: an absence produces a removal order.
Motions to terminate
When the allegations are wrong, the notice is defective, or status was never lost, we ask the judge to end the case before it reaches a merits hearing.
Relief from removal
Cancellation of removal, asylum, withholding, adjustment of status through a family member, waivers, and voluntary departure as a last resort. The record decides which apply.
The individual hearing
The trial on the merits: testimony, evidence, cross-examination, and a decision. Preparation of the client and the witnesses is most of the work.
Appeals and motions to reopen
Board of Immigration Appeals within 30 days; petitions for review in federal court; motions to reopen for new evidence, defective notice, or changed law, even years later.